Investigation into IoT-Based Smart Fire Safety Systems in Secondary Schools in Minna LGA, Niger State
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Background of the study:
Ensuring fire safety in secondary schools is paramount for protecting students, staff, and property. In Minna LGA, traditional fire safety measures such as manual inspections and outdated alarm systems often fall short in providing prompt alerts and coordinated responses during emergencies. An IoT-based smart fire safety system utilizes interconnected sensors, real-time monitoring, and automated alert mechanisms to detect smoke, fire, and other hazards quickly. These systems integrate devices that continuously monitor environmental parameters, such as temperature and smoke levels, and instantly transmit data to central control units (Ibrahim, 2023). Through machine learning algorithms and predictive analytics, the system can distinguish between normal fluctuations and hazardous conditions, thereby minimizing false alarms and ensuring timely intervention (Udo, 2024). Furthermore, integration with mobile applications and digital signage allows for rapid communication with emergency services and school administrators. The adoption of IoT technology in fire safety management not only enhances response times but also facilitates regular system diagnostics and maintenance. This proactive approach is critical in educational settings where the safety of young students is a priority. By automating detection and response processes, the system reduces the reliance on manual monitoring, minimizes human error, and ensures a coordinated safety strategy that aligns with global best practices in fire prevention (Emeka, 2025). Ultimately, the implementation of smart fire safety systems can significantly improve the overall security and resilience of secondary schools.
Statement of the problem:
Secondary schools in Minna LGA face persistent fire safety challenges due to outdated detection methods and inadequate response protocols. Traditional fire alarm systems, which rely on periodic manual checks and non-integrated devices, often delay the detection of fire incidents, resulting in increased risks to life and property (Ibrahim, 2023). The absence of continuous, real-time monitoring means that early warning signs of fire may go unnoticed until the situation escalates. Moreover, the lack of automated alert mechanisms and integration with emergency services further hampers the effectiveness of existing fire safety measures. Financial limitations and insufficient technical infrastructure exacerbate these issues, preventing schools from upgrading their fire safety systems. As a result, the current fire safety protocols are reactive rather than proactive, leading to potential delays in evacuation and emergency response. Without the adoption of a modern, IoT-based system, secondary schools remain vulnerable to the devastating consequences of fire incidents, including loss of lives, damage to property, and disruption of educational activities (Udo, 2024). There is a critical need to implement an automated fire safety solution that continuously monitors environmental conditions and ensures rapid communication with first responders (Emeka, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT-based smart fire safety system for real-time hazard detection in secondary schools.
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To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in reducing response times and minimizing fire-related damages.
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To propose integration strategies for incorporating the system into existing school safety protocols.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based fire safety system in detecting fire hazards in real time?
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What improvements in emergency response times can be achieved with the system’s implementation?
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How can the system be integrated with current safety measures to enhance overall fire safety?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it addresses the critical need for improved fire safety in secondary schools by leveraging IoT technology. The implementation of a smart fire safety system can provide continuous monitoring, early detection, and rapid response to fire incidents, thereby safeguarding lives and property. The findings will inform policymakers and school administrators on best practices for modernizing fire safety infrastructure, contributing to safer educational environments.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to investigating IoT-based smart fire safety systems in secondary schools in Minna LGA, Niger State. It does not extend to other safety systems or educational institutions in different regions.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of devices that continuously exchange real-time data.
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Fire Safety System: A system designed to detect, alert, and respond to fire hazards.
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Smart System: A technology-enhanced system that automates processes using sensors and data analytics.
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